一(yi)、明膠凍力凝凍強度的(de)意義

明(ming)(ming)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)凍(dong)力決(jue)定(ding)明(ming)(ming)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)成本，凍(dong)力可隨膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)囊廠生(sheng)產工(gong)藝(yi)要求而(er)不同，一般在(zai)(zai)150～250勃魯姆克范(fan)圍內。粘(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)反映(ying)明(ming)(ming)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)分(fen)子鏈(lian)的(de)(de)(de)長度(du)(du)(du)，并決(jue)定(ding)明(ming)(ming)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)膜(mo)的(de)(de)(de)特性(xing)，測定(ding)時(shi)(shi)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)液(ye)濃度(du)(du)(du)也是6.6％，溫度(du)(du)(du)60℃。明(ming)(ming)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)粘(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)范(fan)圍一般為(wei)(wei)25～45mPa·s。用(yong)(yong)于制(zhi)備膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)囊的(de)(de)(de)，明(ming)(ming)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)含鐵量(liang)應在(zai)(zai)0．0015％以(yi)下，因為(wei)(wei)鐵同食品(pin)、由于生(sheng)產明(ming)(ming)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)所用(yong)(yong)原料及工(gong)藝(yi)不同，而(er)有骨(gu)明(ming)(ming)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、皮明(ming)(ming)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)及酸法膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)與(yu)堿法膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之分(fen)。在(zai)(zai)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)囊生(sheng)產上單獨或混合(he)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)均可，條件許可時(shi)(shi)，則混合(he)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)較好。明(ming)(ming)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)品(pin)質的(de)(de)(de)優劣，常按(an)其在(zai)(zai)溶(rong)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)狀(zhuang)態時(shi)(shi)粘(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)大小(xiao)和在(zai)(zai)凝膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)狀(zhuang)態時(shi)(shi)凍(dong)力(凝膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)強度(du)(du)(du))大小(xiao)來判(pan)斷，溶(rong)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)粘(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)用(yong)(yong)以(yi)表(biao)(biao)示(shi)分(fen)子鏈(lian)的(de)(de)(de)長短，凝膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)凍(dong)力用(yong)(yong)以(yi)表(biao)(biao)示(shi)網狀(zhuang)結構分(fen)子量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)大小(xiao)。粘(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)與(yu)凍(dong)力對膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)囊、膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)丸成型質量(liang)影響很大。

二、明膠凍(dong)力凝(ning)凍(dong)強度用什么儀器檢測

明(ming)膠(jiao)(jiao)凝(ning)(ning)凍(dong)(dong)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)測(ce)定可以上海保圣TA.XTC凝(ning)(ning)膠(jiao)(jiao)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)儀來測(ce)定，符合國(guo)家標準(zhun)《藥用(yong)(yong)明(ming)膠(jiao)(jiao)硬膠(jiao)(jiao)囊(nang)(nang)》GB13731和(he)行(xing)業標準(zhun)《藥用(yong)(yong)明(ming)膠(jiao)(jiao)》QB2354及行(xing)業標準(zhun)《工業明(ming)膠(jiao)(jiao)》QB/T1995、行(xing)業標準(zhun)《照相明(ming)膠(jiao)(jiao)》QB1997，可以檢(jian)測(ce)的(de)項目：明(ming)膠(jiao)(jiao)凝(ning)(ning)凍(dong)(dong)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)，凝(ning)(ning)膠(jiao)(jiao)凝(ning)(ning)凍(dong)(dong)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)，溫度(du)(du)(du)勃氏(shi)粘度(du)(du)(du)和(he)凝(ning)(ning)凍(dong)(dong)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)，膠(jiao)(jiao)囊(nang)(nang)用(yong)(yong)明(ming)膠(jiao)(jiao)凝(ning)(ning)凍(dong)(dong)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)，食用(yong)(yong)明(ming)膠(jiao)(jiao)凝(ning)(ning)凍(dong)(dong)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)，軟膠(jiao)(jiao)囊(nang)(nang)凝(ning)(ning)凍(dong)(dong)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)，大豆蛋白凝(ning)(ning)凍(dong)(dong)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)等(deng)。

三、明膠(jiao)凍力凝凍強度檢測方法

1.原理 ：在規(gui)定的(de)條件(jian)下，向直徑為(wei) 12.7 mm 的(de)圓(yuan)柱(zhu)內壓入含 6.67 %明膠溶液(ye)的(de)膠凍(dong)表(biao)面以(yi)(yi)下 4 mm 時， 所施加的(de)力代表(biao)凝凍(dong)強(qiang)度，以(yi)(yi) Bloom g 為(wei)單位。

2.儀器和設備(bei) ：上海(hai)保圣TA.XTC凝膠強度儀。

圓柱：TA/0.5 直徑12.700 mm±0.013 mm。

凍力(li)瓶（TA/BL）：容量150 mL，內徑59 mm，高度(du)85 mm。

恒溫槽(cao)：可控制溫度為10 ℃±0.1 ℃。

水浴(yu)鍋：可(ke)控制水浴(yu)溫度為65 ℃±1 ℃。

錐(zhui)形(xing)瓶：250 mL。

3.分析步驟 : 在(zai)(zai)凍力(li)瓶中配制6.67 %試樣(yang)溶(rong)液120 mL，加蓋，在(zai)(zai)10 ℃±0.1 ℃低溫槽內(nei)冷卻16 h～18 h。將凍力(li)瓶從恒溫水槽中取出，迅(xun)速(su)放(fang)在(zai)(zai)明膠(jiao)凝(ning)凍強度測(ce)定(ding)儀圓臺上。凍力(li)儀“深(shen)度"選擇4 mm，“速(su)度"選擇0.5 mm/s或(huo) 1 mm/s，測(ce)定(ding)凝(ning)凍強度，樣(yang)品測(ce)試需在(zai)(zai)2 min內(nei)完成。

4.結果(guo)計算 : 直接從保曼明膠(jiao)凝(ning)凍強(qiang)度測定儀（TA/GEL）中讀出測定的凝(ning)凍強(qiang)度數值(zhi)(zhi)，單(dan)位以Bloom g表示(shi)。結果(guo)取(qu)整(zheng)數，取(qu)平行(xing)測定結果(guo)的 算術平均值(zhi)(zhi)為測定結果(guo)。重(zhong)復性條件下獲得(de)(de)的兩次獨立結果(guo)的絕對差值(zhi)(zhi)不得(de)(de)超過10 Bloom g。

四、凝膠強度儀檢測適用標準：

◆國家標準《食(shi)品添加(jia)劑(ji)明膠(jiao)》GB6783

◆國(guo)家標準《藥用明膠硬膠囊》GB13731

◆行業標準《藥用明膠》QB2354

◆行業(ye)標準《工業(ye)明(ming)膠》QB/T1995

◆行業(ye)標準《骨(gu)膠》QB/T1997

◆行(xing)業標準《照相明膠(jiao)》QB1997